The connection between adjacent basins was probably not through the Bosphorus Strait, but via an alternative route, e.g., Izmit Bay - Sapange Lake - Sakarya River. It was slow at the beginning, becoming most prominent at ca 7.0 ky bp. The re-colonization of the Black Sea occurred in an oscillating manner. At ca 9.5 ky bp, it reached -20 m again, allowing Mediterranean waters and organisms to enter the Late Neoeuxinian lake. After ca 10 ky bp, the level of the Black Sea never again dropped below ca 40 m iosobath, nor exhibited a maximum amplitude of fluctuation greater than ca 20 m. During the short climate cooling episode occurring at Younger Dryas, the level of the lake dropped from -20 m to -43 m and than rose again to ca -20 m. The latter must have spilled an excess of semi-fresh to brackish water into the Sea of Marmara and from there into the Mediterranean. In a warming climate at ca 17 ky bp, a massive water discharge most likely from the Caspian Sea via Manych Outlet increased the level of the Late Neoeuxinian lake to ca-20 m. At LGM, this connection was lost, and the level of the Tarkhankutian basin dropped to ca-100 m transforming this basin into closed Early Neoeuxinian lake. It is shown that prior the moderately warm Würm Paudorf (Middle Weichselian) Plenigalcial (prior to ca 27 ky bp), there was a brackish Tarkhankutian basin connected with the Sea of Marmara. In the context of the Noah’s Flood hypotheses, the time span 28-7 ky bp is emphasized and three crucial points are discussed: (1) level and salinity of the Neoeuxinian lake (2) re-colonization of the Black Sea by Mediterranean immigrants, and, by implication, sea level and salinity changes due to connection/isolation between adjacent basins (3) “an alternative” to the Bosphorus connection between adjacent basins. At 7.2 ky bp (initial hypothesis) or 8.4 ky bp (modified hypothesis), the lake was rapidly flooded by Mediterranean waters through the Bosphorus, forcing the dispersion of early Neolithic people into the interior of Europe, and forming the historical basis for the biblical legend of Noah’s Flood. According to this hypothesis the Black Sea was a freshwater lake with a level ca 140 m below present during 14.7-10 ky bp. This paper reviews the geological and foraminiferal evidence collected in course of extensive geological and palaeooceanograpic studies of the Black Sea since 1970 largely by the eastern scientists to examine the Noah’s Flood Hypothesis proposed by William Ryan and Walter Pitman.
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